目的 调查研究太原市中心常见气传花粉的种类、含量、花粉飘散消长规律及分布特点.方法 采用叶氏重力沉降法调查该地区2008年7月1日至2009年6月30日空气中花粉的种类和含量;将其调查结果与1977-1978年度花粉调查数据进行统计对比分析.结果 本次调查共收集该地区空气中飘散花粉17 192粒,全年气传花粉出现2次飘散高峰期,分别在3、4、5月份和8、9月份,新增气传花粉12种;收集到有害入侵植物豚草花粉.1977-1978调查年度空气中5种致敏花粉含量较高,占全年花粉总量的76.72%;2008-2009调查年度4种致敏花粉含量较高,占全年花粉总量的73.33%,蒿属花粉为优势气传致敏花粉(38.37%).杨属、柳属花粉全年百分比含量较30年前明显降低.结论 气候变暖可能是本次调查春季气传花粉高峰出现早、持续时间长的主要原因.外来入侵有害物种豚草花粉不容忽视.%Objective To investigate the species, amount and seasonal distribution of airborne pollen in Taiyuan City. Methods Daily airborne pollen monitoring was performed by Gravitational Method using Ye's Sampler in Taiyuan from July 2008 to June 2009, and compared the recent survey result with the result of 1977-1978. Results 17 192 grains of pollen/1 000 mm2 were collected within the period mentioned above in total. Peak value of mensal pollen count was seen in August to September, which was followed by in March to May. Twelve kinds of new airborne pollens were collected in our recent survey, and the pollen of one kind of harmful invasive plants, Ambrosia was shown in our survey. The five kinds of common and abundant pollens accounted for as much as 76.72％ of total annual pollens amount in 1977-1978; the four kinds of common and abundant pollens accounted for as much as 73.33％ in 2008-2009. Artemisia pollen was the most abundant airborne pollens in mount (38.37％). The recent percentage of Populus and Salix pollen decreased obviously, compared to the data of 30 years before, resulting in peak value of mensal pollen count was seen in summer-autumn instead of spring in 2008-2009. Conclusions Global warming was one of the possible major reasons that spring airborne pollens peak started earlier and lasted longer.The harmful invasive plants, Ambrosia should not be ignored.
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