宰丰骨柶刻辞与功能考释

摘要

Based on inscriptions on ＂Zai Feng＂ （宰丰） bone spoons of the late Shang Dynasty and material identification, the two objects were made of the bones of red ochreous Javan rhinoceros and then engraved with texts and graphics. Thecharacter ＂[矢旨]＂ （shi）, name of the object seen in the inscriptions, actually means ＂柶＂ （si）, spoon. In ancient times, bi （匕） and si looked alike but had different functions. Bi was used for ordinary purposes, while si was made of animal bones and carved with designs to be used in ceremonies at ancestral temple or court. The ＂Zai Feng＂ bone spoons provide good example for the differentiation of these two types of spoon.%晚商雕纹宰丰骨柶根据其刻辞及骨料鉴定，是用商郊所获赭红色爪哇犀牛骨料制作并雕刻上文字及图案花纹的。其器自命为“[矢旨]”，实即“柶”字本字。古代匕、栖用途与形制式样相同但所用场所不同，普通实用者为匕，而以兽骨做成并雕上花纹在宗庙、朝廷等重大礼仪场所使用者为“柶”。宰丰骨柶为古代匕、柶之别提供了范例。