目的 通过比较综合性干预前后高血压易患人群相关知信行模式(KAP)的变化,评价综合性干预的效果.方法 在两个不同区域筛选易患高血压的高危个体,由电脑随机确定其中一个区域的易患人群为干预组予综合性干预,对照组仍予一般健康宣教.调查干预前后两组研究对象相关KAP的变化,对干预结果进行评价.结果 干预前干预组与对照组相比指标间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).知识(K)方面,"高血压诊断标准"、"35岁以上应每年测血压"、"食盐摄入标准"、"吸烟易患高血压"、"长期大量饮酒易患高血压"、"饮用牛奶有利于降血压"的知晓率上升至干预后的78.8%(89/113)、89.4%(101/113)、84.1%(95/113)、82.3%(93/113)、88.5%(100/113)、76.1%(86/113),与对照组干预后相比有明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).态度(A)方面,认为"有必要定期测量血压"、"有必要控制食盐摄入量"、"有必要控制体质量"、"有必要戒烟"、"有必要学习自我减压方法"、"有必要常喝牛奶"、"相信高血压能预防"的认可率上升至86.7%(98/113)、53.1%(60/113)、65.5%(74/113)、85.8%(97/113)、48.7%(55/113)、42.5%(48/113)、70.8%(80/113),与对照组干预后相比有明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).行为(P)方面,"每半年测量血压≥1次"、"限盐"、"缓解紧张情绪"、"规律运动"、"饮用牛奶"这几项行为执行率分别上升至72.6%(82/113)、20.0%(23/113)、62.8%(71/113)、35.4%(40/113)、31.0%(35/113),与对照组干预后相比有明显提高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 综合性干预是改变高血压易患人群不良行为生活方式,从而避免发展为高血压的重要干预措施和有效途径.%Objective To compare the changes of knowledge, attitude and performance (KAP) before and after comprehensive intervention in people susceptible to hypertension so as to evaluate its effect of the comprehensive intervention. Methods The population with high risk of hypertension in two different areas were screened by computer to randomly determine the susceptible population in one area as trial group receiving comprehensive intervention, and those in the other area as control group receiving still ordinary health education. The changes of KAP of the two groups were investigated and the results were evaluated. Results The relevant indexes of the two groups before intervention showed no significant difference (P >0. 05). In the trial group after the intervention, in terms of knowledge (K), the awareness rates of " diagnostic criteria for hypertension" ," necessary measurement of blood pressure annually in people over 35 " , " standard of salt intake" ," hypertension being easily resulted by smoking" and " milk drinking being helpful to reduce blood pressure" had respectively gone up to 78. 8% (89/113), 89.4% (101/113), 84.1% (95/113), 82.3% (93/113), 88.5% (100/113), and 76. 1% (86/113), with significant difference as compared the control group (P < 0. 05); as for attitudes (A), the rates of the people who believed that it is necessary " to measure blood pressure regularly" ," to control salt intake" ," to control the body weight" ," to give up smoking" ," to learn to reduce stress by oneself" ," to stink milk commonly" , and " to believe hypertension can be prevented" had respectively gone up to 86.7% (98/113), 53.1% (60/113), 65.5% (74/113), 85.8% (97/113), 48.7% (55/ 113), 42.5% (48/113), 70.8% (80/113), with significant difference as compared the control group (P < 0. 05); in terms of performance (P), the rates of the people who " took measurement of blood pressure every half a year" , who " limited salt intake" , who " relieved the nervous tension" , who " took regular exercise" , and who " drunk the milk" had respectively gone up to 72.6% (82/113), 20.0% (23/113), 62.8% (71/113), 35.4% (40/113), and 31.0% (35/113), with significant difference as compared the control group (P <0. 05). Conclusion Comprehensive intervention is an important intervening measure and effective way to change the bad life style of people susceptible to hypertension, and thus to prevent them from becoming hypertensive patients.
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