ERP technical was used to test the effect of physical exercise on middle‐aged and eld‐er people’s spatial orientation ability .Twenty‐six middle‐aged and elder people from Tianjin Tower Street Community were invited to participate in this study .The results showed that ex‐ercise group reacted faster than non‐exercisers in spatial orientation (1 116 .877 ± 258 .821 ms vs .1 334 .026 ± 275 .390 ms ;t= -2 .072 ,P= 0 .049 ) .EEG results showed that exercise group’s amplitude of P300 in central point of Cz was 4 .011 ± 1 .247 μv ,and 2 .966 ± 1 .709μv in non‐exercise group ,as well as exercise group’ s amplitude of P300 in brain vertex Pz was 4 .666 ± 1 .799 μv ,and 3 .225 ± 1 .848 μv in non‐exercise group ;Repeated measures ANOVA showed that there were significant differences between exercise group and non‐exer‐cise group on amplitude of P300 [ F(1 ,24 )= 5 .155 ,P= 0 .032 ,partial η2 = 0 .177] .But , there were no significant between two electrodes’ P300 amplitude[F(1 ,24)= 1 .632 ,P>0 .05] ,also interaction between electrodes and groups[F(1 ,24)=0 .305 ,P> 0 .05] .Conclu‐sion :Exercise group ,which can mobilize more excited neurons synchronization ,have faster speed and stronger amplitude of P300 than non‐exercise group when complete spatial orienta‐tion task .Those results suggested that physical exercise can improve brain function in the mid‐dle‐aged and elder people ,which can promote mobilization of cognitive processing resource at the moment of cognitive processing .%采用 ERP技术考察身体锻炼对中老年人空间定向能力的影响。天津市天塔街社区的中老年参与者26人（锻炼者与非锻炼者各13人）参与了实验。结果显示，在完成心理旋转任务时，锻炼组反应时为1116．877±258．821 ms ，非锻炼组反应时为1334．026±275．390 ms ，两组别反应时差异可靠，t＝－2．072，P＝0．049。脑电方面，中央点Cz上，锻炼组 P3波幅为4．011±1．247μV ，非锻炼组P3波幅为2．966±1．709μV ；在顶点Pz上，锻炼组 P3波幅为4．666±1．799μV ，非锻炼组 P3波幅为3．225±1．848μV。混合设计的重复测量方差分析显示，两组别的 P3波幅差异可靠，F（1，24）＝5．155，P＝0．032，partial η2＝0．177，两电极点上P3波幅的差异不可靠，F（1，24）＝1．632，P＞0．05，电极点和组别之间交互作用不可靠，F（1，24）＝0．305，P＞0．05。综上，锻炼者较非锻炼者在完成空间定向任务时反应更快，P3波幅更大，能够动员更多的神经元同步兴奋。这提示，身体锻炼可以改善中老年人的脑功能，在认知加工时，认知加工资源动员程度更高。
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