社会资本因素对青少年健康行为的影响研究

摘要

目的：通过理论和实证相结合，构建一个相对有效、可靠的社会资本与青少年健康行为间的关联模型，并找出制约青少年健康行为的关键资本，为促进和改善青少年健康状况提供重要参考。方法：在查阅大量国内、外相关研究基础上，自行设计社会资本及青少年健康行为测量量表，以西南地区11所中、小学学生为受试对象，其中，重庆地区的学生数据用于探索因子分析，而南充地区的学生数据用于验证性因子分析。结果：1）青少年社会资本6维度及健康行为4个维度间的结构模型合理，具有很好的测量效度、信度及区分度；2）青少年拥有的社会资本与学校地理位置和年级存有一定关系，表现为中心城区的“体育政策资本”和“师生交往资本”高于郊区城镇，而郊区城镇学生拥有最高的家庭经济资本，小学生拥有较高的“师生交往资本”、“学校场馆资本”及“亲朋互动资本”，而高中生则拥有较高“家庭经济资本”、“社区支持资本”及“体育政策资本”；3）家庭经济资本除正向影响青少年饮食行为外，它还与社区支持资本共同正向影响青少年运动和睡眠行为；4）师生交往资本能正向影响青少年运动行为和减压行为，却对青少年饮食行为产生负面影响，体育政策资本仅能正向影响青少年的运动行为，而亲朋互动资本仅能积极影响青少年的减压行为。结论：社会资本对青少年健康行为的影响是多维度、有正负能量之区别，合理配置和优化青少年社会资本资源使之有益于健康行为改变非常重要。%Objective :By using the theoretical and empirical combination to construct an associa‐tion model which is relatively effective and reliable on social capital and health behaviors among adolescents and to identify the key capital which limited the health behaviors in adolescents ,in order to provide an important reference to promote and improve the health in young people . Methods :On the basis of reviewing a lot of related literature ,social capital and adolescent health behavior measurement scale were designed ,11 primary and secondary school students in southwest China participated in this study ,and data in Chongqing for exploration factor analy‐sis ,and which in Nanchong for confirmatory factor analysis .Results :1) structural models of 6 dimensions social capital and 4 dimensions adolescent health behavior in adolescents were good , and with a better measure validity ,reliability and discrimination ;2 ) there were a certain rela‐tionship between social capital and school location as well as grade in adolescents ,it indicated that the sports policy capital and teacher‐student interaction capital in downtown students were higher than that in suburban towns ,and students in suburban towns have the highest family e‐conomic capital ,students in primary schools have the higher teacher‐student exchange capital , school arena capital ,and friend interaction capital ,while students in high school have a higher family economic capital ,community support capital ,and sports policy capital ;3 ) in addition to the positive impact of family economic capital on eating behavior in adolescent ,the community support capital also positively affected exercise and sleep behavior in adolescents ;and 4) teach‐er‐student interaction capital positively affected exercise behavior and decompression behavior , but have a negative impact on dietary behaviors in adolescent ;policy capital can only be a posi‐tive impact on motor behavior in young people ,and friend interaction capital only positive af‐fected decompression behavior in adolescents .Conclusion :The impact of social capital on ado‐lescent health behavior is multi -dimensional ,there are differences between positive and nega‐tive energy , the rational allocation of resources and optimization of social capital adolescents make healthy behavior change is very important .