Mitochondria are not only the essential organelles which are the cellular energy source ,but also they are dynamic organ‐elles that change their morphology through fission and fusion in order to maintain their function .Mitochondria are rich in myocar‐dial cells because of their continuous contraction movements ,The dynamic equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission is essential for maintaining normal heart contractile function and energy metabolism .Currently ,it is generally believed that mito‐chondrial fusion is beneficial for the heart ,especially under stress conditions ,because it consolidates the mitochondria's ability to supply energy .However ,both excessive fusion and insufficient fission disrupt the mitochondrial quality control mechanism and cause cell death .In this review ,we discuss the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the myocardial protection ,with a focus on is‐chemia‐reperfusion injury .%线粒体不仅是细胞内能量来源的重要细胞器，更是动态变化的细胞器，通过融合与分裂这2个相反的过程改变其形态以维持其正常的结构与功能。心肌细胞因需要持续收缩运动而富含线粒体，线粒体融合与分裂的动态平衡对维持心脏正常的收缩功能及能量代谢至关重要。目前普遍认为线粒体融合有利于心肌保护，特别是在缺血／再灌注损伤的应激状况下，因其整合了线粒体继续提供能量的能力。然而，过度融合与分裂不足或者过度的分裂而融合不足，都会导致线粒体质量控制机制平衡的破坏，致使细胞死亡。本文就线粒体动态变化中的融合与分裂，论述了在心肌保护特别是对抗缺血再灌注损伤中的研究进展，以期为围术期心肌保护开拓新的思路。
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