基于空簧悬挂特性的高铁车辆垂向振动舒适性对比研究

摘要

Based on the type test and simulation analysis of vehicle vibration comfort, the influence of air spring suspension on vehicle vertical vibration comfort and floor vibration was studied with trailer as the object. The simulation analysis of vehicle multi-body system indicates that vehicle vertical ride comfort under German air spring has been improved about 10% than that under Japanese one, but when German air spring is assisted by secondary vertical dampers, vehicle vertical vibration comfort is between the above two under German and Japanese air spring. The simulation analysis of vehicle rigid-flexible coupling system shows that when vehicle running on straight line and 7000 m radius curve with the speed of no less than 300 km · h-1 , high frequency vertical vibration on the fore floor is mainly the local modal vibration a-bove bogie, and its vibration energy will be reduced or disappeared with the decrease of speed. Intermediate frequency vibration on the mid floor consists mostly of the first order and second order vertical bending modal vibration, which has little relevance to the secondary suspensions. When vehicle running on straight line and 7 000 m radius curve with the speed of no less than 300 km · h-1, low frequency vertical vibration will only be produced on the fore floor, which has strong relevance to the secondary suspensions. After the secondary vertical dampers are added, the deficient low frequency performance of German air spring suspension can be improved, but it is possible that the first order vertical bending modal vibration will be increased due to the excessive high frequency impedance.%在对车辆振动舒适性进行型式试验和仿真分析的基础上,以拖车为对象,研究空簧悬挂对车辆垂向振动舒适性和地板振动的影响.对车辆的多体系统仿真结果表明:采用德系空簧时车辆的垂向振动舒适性较使用日系空簧时提高了约10％；而在德系空簧辅以二系垂向减振器的组合悬挂下,车辆的垂向振动舒适性介于使用德系空簧与日系空簧之间.对车辆的刚柔耦合仿真表明:当车辆以不低于300km· h-1的速度在直线和7000m半径曲线线路运行时,地板前端的高频垂向振动主要为转向架上方的局部模态振动,而且随着速度的降低,其振动能量逐步减小或消失；车体地板中部的振动是以1阶和2阶垂向弯曲模态振动为主的中频振动,并且与二系悬挂形式关系不大；当车辆以低于300km·h-1的速度在直线和7000m半径曲线线路运行时,地板前端的垂向振动主要是低频振动,并且与二系悬挂方式有较强的相关性；增设二系垂向减振器后,虽然可以弥补德系空簧低频性能的不足,但有可能因高频阻抗过大而造成1阶垂向弯曲模态振动的增强.