目的：分析医院药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点及相关因素，促进临床合理、安全用药，减少药源性疾病的发生。方法收集医院2013年上报的ADR报告202例，并进行回顾性分析。结果202例ADR报告中，女性患者和61岁以上患者ADR发生率最高，构成比分别为58.42%和33.17%；发生 ADR 药品种类主要为抗感染药物、中成药及中药制剂和心脑血管系统药物，分别占总例数的36.14%，20.79%和18.32%；静脉滴注给药是造成ADR的主要给药途径(占69.31%)，其次分别是口服给药和肌肉注射，构成比分别为15.84%和7.92%；皮肤系统反应、免疫系统损害最多见，构成比分别是36.14%和30.69%；医师或护士主动上报ADR的比例达98.02%。结论医院应重视和加强ADR的报告和监测，提高合理用药水平，保证患者用药安全。%Objective To analyze the characteristics and related factors of ADR in the hospital, to promote drug use in the clinic ratio-nally and safely, thus to reduce the drug-induced disease. Methods 202 ADR reports in the hospital in 2013 were summarized and analyzed by retrospective study. Results In the 202 ADR reports, female patients and patients aged over 61 occupied the highest pro-portion, accounting for 58. 42% and 33. 71% respectively; most of the ADRs were caused by antimicrobial drug, Chinese patent medicine, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs, accounting for 36. 14%, 20. 79% and 18. 32% respectively;intravenous administration took the main percentage ( 69. 31% ) , followed by oral administration ( 15. 84% ) and intramuscular administration ( 7. 92% ); skin system reactions and immune system damage were the most common clinical manifestation of ADR, accounting for 36. 14% and 30. 69%respectively; ADRs reported by the doctors and nurses accounted for 98. 02%. Conclusion Hospitals should value and strengthen the ADR report and monitoring to promote rational drug use in the clinic and to ensure patients' medication safety.
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