干眼症发病机制及其治疗、护理手段的研究进展

摘要

干眼症是一种与泪液和眼表相关的多诱因疾病，主要表现为眼部不适、视力模糊和泪膜的不稳定。该疾病发病机制复杂，且起始病因甚多，均能造成眼表面病理及生理改变。尽管干眼症的临床表现大相径庭，但其生理和病理上的变化有着共通的规律。其中，炎性反应是干眼症最主要的发病机制之一，而细胞凋亡机制、性激素等伴随其中。干眼症治疗的主流手段是采用泪液替代品或润滑眼药水，而最理想的治疗方案却是对因治疗而非单纯的改善临床症状。国内外学者在阐明干眼症病理生理变化特点、发病机制、治疗手段(包括药物、中医和手术治疗)以及护理知道等方面已开展了大量工作，但目前并无统一的治疗方案标准。本研究旨在对干眼症的病理生理变化、发病机制、治疗方法和护理手段做一详尽综述。%Dry eye is a multi-factorial disease related with tear and ocular surface that results in discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability. Many factors contribute to dry eye which cause pathophysiological changes of the ocular surface. Whatever the clinical situation of dry eye is different, the disease shows the similar pathophysiological progress. Inflammation is the key mechanism and the other factors such as apoptosis, hormonal regulation are involved in dry eye pathogenesis. The main approach to the treatment of dry eye is providing lubricating eye drops or tear sub-stitute. The newer treatment approach is to target the underlying cause of dry eye instead of conventional symptomatic relief. Although recent research has made progress in elucidating dry eye pathophysiology, pathogenesis and treatment, there are no uniform diagnostic criteria. This paper presents a review about the pathophysiology, etiopathogenesis, treatment and nursing of the dry eye.