微观量子器件中分子马达单向转动的条件机理研究

摘要

微观量子器件中的分子马达是微观机械系统与纳米器件领域的重要器件,深入系统地研究了其单向转动的条件及机理.先从几何的角度分析了宏观棘轮工作的物理本质,得出了3个必要条件.之后开始讨论微观棘轮,将热涨落对其的影响归在第3个条件.接着具体分析了温度T较低、T较高无外界作用、T较高有较大外界作用3种情形下的不同机理.着重分析了第3种情形下斜面特性是如何实现对原本无极性的外界作用进行了“整流”.最后得出微观棘轮单向转动的两个必要条件为:体系的非平衡性(内因)和存在适当的极性结构(外因).这些结论可以为相关的微观量子器件中的纳米器件的设计及应用提供有益的参考.%The molecular motor in microscopic quantum device is an important device in the field of micro-mechanical system and nanometer device.In this paper,the conditions and mechanism of one-way rotation are studied systematically.This paper analyzes the physical essence of macro ratchet work from the perspective of geometry.It obtains three necessary conditions.Two necessary conditions for one-way rotation of the microscopic ratchet read as follows:the non-equilibrium (internal) of the system and the proper polarity structure (external factor).These conclusions can provide a useful reference for the design and application of nanometer devices in related micro quantum devices.