农民对农地保障功能的主观认知差异及影响因素分析——基于浙、赣、桂三省506份农户调查

摘要

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference of subjective cognition of the peasants towards the security function of agricultural land and its influence factors,then the concerned policy suggestions are put forward.Methods employed include descriptive statistical analysis and econometric analysis such as ordered choice model.The results indicate that 1) with the adoption of survey data from 506 households in Jiangxi,Zhejiang and Guangxi Provinces,64.2% of the peasants consider the security function of agricultural land is not significant from their own viewpoints;2) however,94.7% of the peasants still hold the opinion that agricultural land is their last life security;3) statistical test shows that there is significant regional disparity in their subjective cognition towards the security function of agricultural land;4) by means of ordered choice model,the factors influencing their subjective cognition towards the security function of agricultural land are agricultural land area per capita,the ratio of agriculture income to total income,the distance of the village from the city and regional location.It is concluded that 1) in the present period the peasants' agricultural income should be increased to improve the security function of agricultural land,which is the urgent issue during the process of rural development in China;2) because of the differences of household's resource endowment,regional economic and social situation,regional disparity in agricultural land's security function should be fully recognized,and 3) agricultural land's institutional innovation among different regions should be varied according to the peasant' specific demands.%研究目的：实证分析农民对农地保障功能的主观认知及区域差异,应用排序选择模型研究农地保障功能主观认知差异的影响因素,并提出相关政策建议。研究方法：描述统计分析,排序选择模型。研究结果：浙、赣、桂三省506份农户问卷中,64.2%的农户认为承包地对他们生活的总体作用并不大,但94.7%的农户同时认为种田虽然不赚钱,但可以为基本生活提供最后保障;浙、赣、桂三省农民在＂承包地对他们生活总体作用＂这一问题的主观认知上存在显著区域差异;影响农民对农地保障功能主观认知的因素主要有人均耕地面积、农地收入占家庭总收入比重、村庄离县城（城市）的交通距离以及区域宏观区位特征等。研究结论：要大力提高农户农业收入,切实保障农民土地权益;要推进农地流转与使用制度改革,实现土地要素的有效流转和适度集中;应充分认识农地保障功能存在区域差异这一现实背景,考虑不同农户主体自身禀赋和区域资源、经济和社会发展条件的差异性,因地制宜进行农地产权制度创新。