基于供给侧改革的农户宅基地退出意愿及福利变化分析——以浙江省义乌市为例

摘要

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact factors that affect the willingness of farmers to exit their rural residential land in Yiwu City,and to quantitatively measure the changes of the farmers' welfare in the rural residential land exit.The methods of Logistic model,fuzzy evaluation and field investigation are used.The results show that the proportion of rural households who are willing to exit residential land is 64％.The factors positively affecting farmers' willingness to residential land exit are the housing floors and household income,while the negative factors are the farmers' age,the satisfaction to current situation,farmers' living condition and household population.After farmers moved into the aggregated residence,the housing property function was highlighted,and the farmers' welfare level was raised after the rural residential land exit,especially for the farmers in the outer suburbs.As for functional activities,the living condition of farmers was greatly improved and the income level of farmers was raised,whereas the housing cost of the farmers in the outer suburbs increased significantly and the satisfaction of suburban farmers increased less.It is concluded that it is the appropriate time for rural residential land exit in developed regions,this paper suggests that the government should explore residential layout mode for farmers lifestyle transition and the population aging tendency,provide education,training and employment opportunities for land quitting farmers,and build up market mechanism to improve the land allocative efficiency in urban and rural areas,so as to increase the rural households' property income.%研究目的:选择经济发达地区的宅基地制度改革试点义乌市作为调查样本区,分析农户宅基地退出意愿的影响因素,定量测度宅基地退出前后农户福利水平的变化.研究方法:Logistic模型,模糊评价法,实地调研法.研究结果:近郊村农户愿意退出宅基地的比例高达64％;对农户宅基地退出意愿有正向作用的因素依次为宅基地住房层数、农户家庭收入水平,负向作用的因素依次为农户年龄、当前状态满意度、农户居住舒适度以及家庭人口数量;农户退出宅基地进行集中居住后,住宅的资产性凸显,农户的总体福利水平提升,远郊村农户福利水平提升更大;从功能性看,农户居住状况改善最多,经济状况提升较大,但远郊农户生活成本增加较大,搬进新宅后近郊农户状态满意度提升较小.研究结论:经济发达地区宅基地退出时机较成熟,建议政府探索适合农户生活方式过渡以及人口老龄化的居住布局模式,为退地农户提供受教育、培训和就业机会,构建市场机制提升城乡土地配置效率,增加农户财产性收入.