藜麦茎秆对肉牛生产性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

摘要

试验采用添加不同比例的藜麦茎秆替代部分全株玉米青贮,以确定西门塔尔杂种公牛育肥后期日粮中藜麦茎秆的适宜添加比例.选用年龄(22月龄)、体重(615.75 kg±33.35 kg)相近的西杂肉牛32头,随机分为4组,每组8头,用藜麦茎秆分别替代全混合日粮中0(对照组)、10.00%(试验Ⅰ组)、20.00%(试验Ⅱ组)、30.00%(试验Ⅲ组)的全株玉米青贮.育肥60 d后测定西杂肉牛生产性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标.结果表明:①各试验组初始体重、末重、干物质采食量、平均日增重和料重比与对照组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05).②各试验组粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和磷的表观消化率与对照组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);但各试验组干物质表观消化率均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组钙的表观消化率极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01).③试验Ⅲ组的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),谷草转氨酶(AST)含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),ALT/AST极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)、Ⅱ组(P<0.01)和对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组的碱性磷酸酶含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05).试验Ⅱ组的总蛋白和球蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的葡萄糖含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的尿素氮含量均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ组的肌酐极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)和对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的白蛋白、白球比、甘油三脂、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和钙含量与对照组相比,差异均不显著(P>0.05).可以看出,西杂肉牛育肥后期饲粮中利用藜麦茎秆替代干物质中20.00%的全株青贮玉米时,对肉牛健康无不良影响,可提高干物质消化率,增加养殖效益.%This experiment was conducted to replace whole-plant corn silage with different proportion of quinoa stemfor determining the optimal level of quinoa stem in diets of beef cattle. Thirty two beef cattle of 22-month-old(615.75 kg±33.35 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 groups(n=8). Whole-plant corn silage in total mixed rations of 4 groups were equivalently replaced results showed as follows: there was no significant difference(P>0.05)between all test group and the control group in the production performance including the initial weight,the final weight,DMI,the average daily gain and the feed-weight ratio and so was the apparent digestibilities of CP,ADF,NDF and P,while the DM's apparent digestibility was significantly higher(P<0.01) than that in the control group,the apparent digestibility of Ca in group Ⅱwas significantly lower(P<0.01)than those in the control group and group Ⅰ. For the serum biochemical indicators,the content of ALT in group Ⅲand GLU in group Ⅱand Ⅲwere significantly higher(P<0.01)than those in the control group,the AST content in group Ⅲwere lower(P<0.01)than that in the control group,while the contents of TP and GLOB in group Ⅱwere higher(P<0.05)than that in the control group. The ALP content in group Ⅰwere lower(P<0.05)than that in the control group. The BUN contents in group Ⅱand Ⅲwere significantly lower(P<0.01)than those in the control group and groupⅠ,the GREA content in group Ⅲwere significantly lower(P<0.01)than those in the control group and groupⅠ. There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the content of ALB,ALB/GLOB,TG, CHOL,HDL,LDL and Ca between all the test group and the control group. As a consequence,there was no adverse effect on the health of the beef cattle with the replacement of 20.00% maize silage in dry matter by quinoa stem in the late fattening period of Simmental crossbred,the dry matter digestibility could be improved.