饲料中添加富含DHA的藻粉对黄河鲤生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

摘要

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary DHA microalgae meal levels on growth performance and biochemical indices in serum of juvenile Cyprinus carpio haematopterus.Five experimental diets with 36.20%crude protein and 52.31%crude lipid were formulated to contain five DHA microalgae meal (0%,0.5%,1.0%,2.0%, 4.0%,respectively).Seven hundred and fifty juvenile with (11.31±0.24)g average weight were randomly distributed into five treatments with 3 replicate of 50 each for 60 d.The results showed that:with the increasing of dietary DHA microalgae meal levels,specific growth rate(SGR) increased at first,then decreased,and which of treatment Ⅲwere 21.88%,9.20%, 5.81% and 30.62% higher than that of treatmentsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ(P < 0.05).Analysis of SGR by the polynomial equations regression analysis suggested that the dietary DHA microalgae meal requirement for optimal growth of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus was 1.82%.With levels of dietary DHA microalgae meal increasing Feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased firstly and then increased,which of treatment Ⅲ was the best.and was remarkably higher in treatment Ⅲ than that in treatment Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ(P < 0.05).The FCR of group Ⅲ was 10.63%,5.92%,7.74% and 14.37% lower than that of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ(P<0.05).Protein efficiency ratio(PER)showed an opposite trend with FCR.The tread of total protein,Albumin, Globulin,LZS,SOD and CAT level in serum increased with the increase of dietary DHA microalgae meal levels,while cholesterins and riglycerides level increased with the increasing of dietary of DHA microalgae meal up to 1.0% and showed a declining tendency thereafter.The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase level showed an opposite trend with cholesterins and riglycerides.The blood glucose Firstly slightly increased and decreased significantly thereafter. In conclusion,the dietary DHA microalgae meal requirement for optimal growth of juvenile Cyprinus carpio haematopterus was 1.82%(DHA 0.65%).Diet with 4.0% DHA microalgae meal could cause stress and abnormal liver function in Cypri-nus carpio haematopterus,which led to low growth eventually.%将750尾初始体重为（11.31±0.24）g的黄河鲤幼鱼随机分为5组（Ⅰ～Ⅴ组），每组设3个重复，每个重复50尾，分别投喂5个水平DHA藻粉（0%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%）饲料（蛋白质含量36.49%，脂肪含量13.78%）60 d，研究DHA藻粉水平对黄河鲤幼鱼生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明：随着饲料DHA藻粉水平的升高，特定生长率（SGR）先升后降，Ⅲ组分别显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组21.88%、9.20%、5.81%和30.62%（P<0.05），二次回归分析得出，饲料中DHA藻粉最佳添加水平为1.82%；饵料系数（FCR）随着饲料DHA藻粉水平的增加先降后升，Ⅲ组最低，分别显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组10.63%、5.92%、7.74%和14.37%（P<0.05）；蛋白质效率（PER）与SGR变化相似；随饲料DHA藻粉水平上升，总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶水平呈上升趋势，胆固醇、甘油三酯水平先升后降，谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶水平先降后升，血糖水平先增加后显著降低（P<0.05）。由此可见，在本试验条件下，黄河鲤幼鱼饲料适宜DHA藻粉含量为1.82%（DHA 0.65%），含量超过4.0%可使黄河鲤生长缓慢，产生应激或损伤肝脏。