贵长猕猴桃腐烂菌的侵染途径及分离鉴定

摘要

In order to definite the pathogenic fungi causing Guichang kiwifruit spoilage and their possible infection pathways,the flowers,fresh fruits and rotten fruits were selected to study the fungi strains isolation,morphological and molecular identification and pathogenicity experiments.The results showed that six fungi,Polyporus arcularius,Phanerochaete sp.,Aspergillus sp.,Penicillitun citrinum,Cladosporium sp.and Fusarium sp.were isolated from the kiwi flower.One fungus,Schizophyllum commune was isolated from the fresh kiwifruit.Three fungi,Daldinia childiae,Alternaria sp.and Aspergillus fumigates were isolated from the fresh kiwifruit peel.Six species of fungi were isolated from rotten kiwifruit,namely Neofusicoccum parvum,Phomopsis sp.,Fusarium oxysporum and three strains of Penicillium sp.,N.parvum and Phomopsis sp.were the main pathogens of the Guichang kiwifruit rotten,and the Guichang kiwifruit were mainly infected by the pathogens during harvest,transportation and packaging.%为了明确贵长猕猴桃腐烂的病原菌种类及其可能的侵染途径,选取其花、鲜果及腐烂果为研究对象,进行菌种分离、形态学和分子生物学鉴定、致病性试验.结果显示,从猕猴桃花中分离到6种真菌,分别为漏斗多孔菌(Polyporus arcularius)、平革菌属(Phanerochaete sp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillussp.)、橘青霉(Penicillium citrinum)、枝孢菌属(Cladosporium sp.)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium sp.);从猕猴桃鲜果果肉中分离到裂褶菌(Schizophyllum commune),鲜果果皮中分离到3种真菌,分别是蔡氏轮层炭壳菌(Daldinia childiae)、链格孢菌(Alternaria sp.)、烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigates);从腐烂果中分离到6种真菌,分别是小新壳梭孢菌(Neofusicoccum parvum)、拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sp.)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和3株青霉菌(Penicillium sp.).其中小新壳梭孢菌和拟茎点霉是贵长猕猴桃腐烂的主要病原菌,贵长猕猴桃病原菌的侵染途径可能主要是在采收、运输和包装过程中进入猕猴桃内,引起猕猴桃的腐烂.