奉新县猕猴桃果实腐烂病病原菌分离鉴定

摘要

In order to ascertain the fungi which cause rot of kiwifruit fruit, fungi were isolated from a large number of rotten fruit, and the isolated fungi were molecularly identified and tested for their pathogenesis. The results showed that six kinds of fungi were responsible for fruit rot of kiwifruit in Fengxin Connty. They are Botryosphaeria dothidea, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Pestalotiopsis sp. , Fusarium proliferalum, Phomopsis sp. , and Alternaria sp. Among them, Botryosphaeria dothidea is the dominant pathogen having 83.0% of isolation rate, and next is Phomopsis sp. having 8. 9% of isolation rate. The results also showed that Botryosphaeria dothidea is able to penetrate fruit of kiwifruit by direct penetration of cell walls or through wounds, while the other five kinds of fungi penetrate fruit of kiwifruit only through wounds. The results way have important significance for control and further research of fruit rot of kiwifruit in Fengxin County.%为明确江西奉新猕猴桃果实腐烂的病原菌种类,对该县猕猴桃烂果进行大量病菌分离,对分离的病菌进行了分子鉴定和致病性测定,结果表明引起奉新猕猴桃烂果的病原菌有6种,分别是葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)、富氏葡萄孢盘菌(Botryotinia fuckeliana)、盘多毛孢菌(Pestalotiopsis sp.)、层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)、拟茎点霉菌(Phomopsis sp.)和链格孢菌(Alternaria sp.),其中主要是葡萄座腔菌(分出率占83.0％),其次是拟茎点霉菌(分出率占8.9％).致病性测定结果同时表明葡萄座腔菌既可从果面伤口侵入,也可以从果皮直接侵入,其他5种真菌则只能从伤口侵入.研究结果对奉新猕猴桃烂果病害的防治和进一步研究将具有重要的指导意义.