CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因组编辑技术及应用研究进展

摘要

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR),together with the associated sequences(Cas genes and Cas proteins)widely exist in adaptive immune system of bacteria and archaea. CRISPR/Cas9 system,the third generation genome editing technology,which was established on the basis of the type II CRISPR/Cas system,has been widely applied in many fields of life science research. In this review,CRISPR/Cas9's discovery,function mechanism,application progress,and comparison analysis on other emerging genome editing technologies were introduced. Furthermore,the application prospect of the CRISPR/Cas9 system was described.%成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白系统（Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR/CRISPR-associated nuclease system，CRISPR/Cas）是广泛存在于细菌和古细菌的适应性免疫系统，其中由Ⅱ型CRISPR/Cas系统改造而来的第三代基因组编辑技术——CRISPR/Cas9系统已广泛应用于生命科学研究的多个领域。本文主要从CRISPR/Cas9系统的发现、作用原理、应用进展及与其他新兴的基因组编辑技术的对比等四个方面进行阐述，重点介绍其最新研究进展，并展望了CRISPR/Cas9系统的应用前景。