侧链型磺化聚砜的制备及侧链链长对质子交换膜性能影响的研究

摘要

以氯乙酰氯和氯丁酰氯为亲电试剂,通过Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应,在聚砜( PSF)主链引入了含氯的且碳原子数目不同的(分别为2和4)柔性侧链,然后以对羟基苯磺酸钠(HBSS)为试剂,通过亲核取代反应制备了侧链型磺化聚砜2PSF-BSS和4PSF-BSS。采用佛尔哈德分析法、红外光谱(FT-IR)以及核磁氢谱(1H-NMR)对侧链型磺化聚砜的化学结构和性能进行了表征,重点考察主要因素对Friedel-Crafts酰基化和亲核取代反应的影响,实验结果表明：以无水AlCl3为催化剂,CH2 Cl2为反应溶剂,反应温度50℃,CAPSF和CBPSF中氯含量分别达到2．03mmol/g和2．07mmol/g,第2步亲核取代反应遵循SN1机理,在强极性溶剂DMSO中磺酸基键合量分别为1．48mmol/g和1．46mmol/g。同时初步探索侧链链长对质子交换膜的质子传导率的影响,随着侧链长度的增长,侧链的柔性增强,亲水微区与疏水微区微相分离的程度增强,导致交换膜的质子传导率增大。%With chloroacetyl chloride and chlorobutyryl chloride as electrophilic reagents, a flexible side chain with exchangeable chlorine was bonded on the backbone of polysulfone ( PSF ) via Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. Subsequently, with sodium 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate(HBSS)as reagent,two kinds of sulfonated polysulfones with side-chain-type(2PSF-BSS and 4PSF-BSS) were obtained via nucleophilic substitution. The chemical structure and properties of the target polymer PSF-sas were characterized by Vilhard methods,FT-IR and 1 H-NMR. The effects of various factors on the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction and nucleophilic sub-stitution reaction were mainly investigated. The experimental results show that the degree of chloride ( DC ) of CAPSF and CBPSF could reach to 2. 03mmol/g and 2. 07mmol/g at 50℃ with AlCl3(0. 90 g)as catalyst and CH2Cl2as solvent,respectively. The sec-ond step is a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction,i. e. SN1. CAPSF-sas with a sulfonate bonding amount of 1. 48mmol/g and CBPSF-sas sulfonate with a sulfonate bonding amount of 1. 46mmol/g were obtained with dimethyl sulfoxide( DMSO) as sol-vent. At the same time, the relationship between the length of the side chains and proton conductivity was preliminary ex-plored. Along with the increase of the length of the side chains,the flexibility of the side chains strengthens and the degree of micro-phase separation increases. It leads to the increase of the proton conductivity of the proton exchange membranes.