Graphene has unique structure and excellent performance, and its preparation methods are presented. The emphasis is focused on the major doping methods of graphene nanocomposites, such as element doping methods, including non-metallic elements and metallic elements doping methods,compounds doping methods and carbon materials doping methods. These nanocomposite materials are widely used, especially in the supercapacitor, sensor, hydrogen storage, and biomedical areas. Some problems about the processing of grapheme are presented, such as easily getting folded, instability of dispersion and so on. The future trend of application is discussed, for example magnetism and optical property.%简述了石墨烯具有独特的结构、优异的性能以及制备方法;着重探讨了石墨烯基纳米复合材料的主要掺杂方法,如元素掺杂法,主要包括非金属元素和金属元素掺杂;化合物掺杂法以及碳素材料掺杂法.这些掺杂法制备出的纳米复合材料应用广泛,主要在超级电容器、传感器、储氢方面以及生物医学等领域突出.最后进一步提出了在石墨烯探索过程中的一些问题,如其易产生褶皱以及分散性能不稳定等.同时也阐述了其未来可能发展趋势,如探讨磁性、光学性能等.
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