铟是一种重要的多用途战略金属，具有较高的工业应用价值，无独立可供开采的矿床，常伴生于铅锌等硫化矿中，主金属冶炼时富集于各类冶炼废渣中，使铟的回收存在工艺复杂、回收率低的问题。本文从铟精矿的制备开始，较为全面地综述了处理含铟冶炼废渣常用的冶金工艺及技术，重点分析总结了冶炼废渣铟浸出技术进展。根据处理手段的不同，渣中铟的回收技术分为直接酸浸法和预处理后浸出法等，其中直接酸浸包括常规酸浸法、热酸浸出法和氧化酸浸法，预处理浸出又可分为酸法预处理和碱法预处理两大类；而强化浸铟的最新研究及方法以物理法为主。传统的常规酸浸易于工业化，但铟回收率低，原料适应性差。热酸浸出环保问题严重。氧化酸浸和预处理后浸出，通过氧化或多种预处理强化浸铟，优势明显。新的实验室研究集中于酸浸协同多种物理强化浸铟效应，取得了较大进展。因此，未来需着力于研究酸浸联合多种强化方法，探索低成本、高效、环保的铟回收工艺。%As a scarce metal,indium plays a major role in high-tech industry,which has high values in industrial application. Indium reserve is only about a sixth of the gold reserve. Without independent field,pittance of indium is mixed with lead,zinc etc. In the process of main metal smelting,indium is enriched in all kinds of smelting slag according to the physical and chemical properties. At present, many raw materials for recovering indium are the abandoned zinc smelter slag and leaching residues. Because of the complex composition of smelting waste residues,the processes to extract indium from residues have long periods and low recovery rates. According to the different treatment methods,these processes are divided into direct acid leaching and acid leaching after pretreatment. Direct acid leaching includes conventional acid leaching,hot acid leaching and oxidizing acid leaching. The pretreatment methods can be divided into two types:acid pretreatment and alkali pretreatment. The new methods and studies of enhancing the Indium leaching are mainly based on the physical methods.The conventional acid leaching is easy to be industrialized,but the recovery rate of indium is low. The hot acid leaching polluted environment. The extraction of indium from residues can be enhanced effectively by both the oxidizing acid leaching and the pretreated leaching. New laboratory studies have focused on the effects of acid leaching and various physical enhancement of Indium leaching,and have made great progress. Therefore,it is necessary to combine various methods featured with high efficiency and environment friendly in the future.
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