不规则小行星引力场内的飞行动力学

摘要

Asteroid exploration is one of the main topics of deep space exploration, and has great scientific significance. Due to the irregular gravitational field of most asteroids, dynamical behaviors of spacecraft close to them are very complicated. Affected by the central gravity, the perturbing forces from the fast spin of the irregular shapes of asteroids, the solar radiation pressure force, etc., the spacecraft easily collide with the asteroids or escape from them. In this article, an overview of the status of asteroid research and the irregular gravitational field modeling methods is given. Particularly, this article focuses on the dynamic characteristics of irregular gravitational fields, including equilibrium points, local manifolds, natural periodic orbits and body-fixed hovering flights, and tries to propose new research directions.%小行星探测是当前深空探测的主要方向之一,具有重要的科学意义.绝大多数小行星引力场极不规则,探测器在小行星附近运动形态复杂多样.由于同时受到中心引力、快速自旋的不规则形状摄动力、以及光压摄动等作用,探测器容易与小行星发生碰撞或逃逸.概述小行星研究现状和不规则引力场建模方法.重点介绍不规则引力场内动力学特性,包括引力平衡点、局部流形、自然周期轨道和悬停探测轨道等,尝试提出新的研究方向.