浓香型产区不同移栽期气候配置及对烟叶质量特色的影响

摘要

通过在我国浓香型典型产区连年设置移栽期试验，研究了调整移栽期对不同产区烟叶各生长发育阶段气候指标和风格品质的影响以及气候指标与烟叶质量特色的关系。结果表明，（1）南方烟区（华南、赣中和皖南）随移栽期推迟烟叶成熟期温度及烟叶浓香型显示度、烟气沉溢度等逐渐增加；北方烟区（豫中、陕南、鲁东）成熟期温度和浓香型显示度随移栽期推迟显著下降。（2）成熟期日均气温与浓香型显示度、烟气沉溢度和烟气浓度呈极显著正相关关系，24.5℃是浓香型烟叶形成的一个重要气候指标。（3）南方烟区焦甜香较为显著，豫中豫南焦香明显，陕南正甜香相对突出且随移栽期推迟表现更甚。旺长期及成熟期的降雨量与烟叶焦甜香韵呈极显著正相关，旺长期和成熟期的光照时数与焦香香韵相关性较高，成熟期日均温度与烟叶正甜香韵呈极显著负相关。（4）各产区烟叶质量特征随移栽期变化明显，最佳移栽期南方烟区广东南雄和江西广昌为3月上中旬，皖南为3月下旬，北方烟区为4月下旬至5月初。%Field experiments were carried out in 6 different tobacco growing regions producing strong flavored leaves from 2010-2013 to investigate the effect of climatic parameters at different transplanting dates during growing stage on tobacco quality and style. Relationship between climatic factors and tobacco quality and style was established by using correlation analysis. Results showed: (1) Such characters as flavor degree, smoke sinking degree and smoke concentration increased with the delay of transplanting date in southern tobacco areas, while such trend was the opposite in northern tobacco areas. (2) Significant positive correlation existed between dally average temperature at maturing stage and strong flavor degree, smoke sinking degree and smoke concentration. The average temperature of 24.5℃ at maturing stage was an important climate index for the formation of strong flavor tobacco style. (3) Burnt-sweetness flavor was strong in south tobacco areas and burnt flavor was strong in the north. Pure-sweetness flavor was obvious in southern Shaanxi and became stronger with the delay of transplanting date. (4) Tobacco quality varied significantly with different transplanting dates. Optimum transplanting time was in the early and middle of March for Nanxiong of Guangdong and Guangchang of Jiangxi, and in late March for South of Anhui, and in late April and early May for Northern tobacco areas.