植物响应重金属胁迫的蛋白质组学研究进展

摘要

重金属对生态系统造成的污染已成为全球关注的问题.植物对重金属的摄取不仅影响其正常生长,并能通过食物链来威胁人类及整个生态系统的健康.在mRNA水平上的基因表达分析,增强了人们对植物响应重金属的理解.然而,关于相关功能基因组翻译方面的问题仍未得到有效解决.通过分析鉴定相关响应基因和功能蛋白,获取翻译及翻译后水平上的信息,能为植物响应重金属胁迫提供更深层次的理解.本研究分析比较了近年来重金属胁迫蛋白组学研究技术,综述了植物响应重金属胁迫的蛋白组学研究进展,探讨从亚细胞蛋白组学水平解析植物解毒重金属过程的可能性,并提出未来该研究方向所面临的挑战及应对策略,为揭示植物与重金属相互作用的分子机制提供有效方法.%Heavy metal pollution of ecosystems is a global problem.Uptake of heavy metals by plants not only affects the regular growth,but also threatens the health of humans and the whole ecosystem throughout the food chains.Although the analysis of gene expression at the mRNA level has enhanced our understanding of the response of plants to heavy metals,many questions regarding the functional translated portions of plant genomes under metal stress remain unanswered.Acquiring information at the translational and post-translational levels by analyzing and identifying the heavy metal-responsive genes and functional proteins of the plant is needed for a deeper understanding of the response of plants to heavy metal stress.This article analyzes and compares technologies used in studying proteomic responses to heavy metal stress for the past few years and reviews developments in analyzing heavy metal-responsive mechanisms of plants using proteomics.The possibility of illustrating heavy metal detoxification pathways in plants at a sub-cellular proteomic level is discussed.Challenges and strategies encountered in this research field are proposed to provide an effective process in elucidating the molecular mechanism of the interaction between plants and heavy metals.