AM 真菌在草地生态系统碳汇中的重要作用

摘要

草地生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，在全球碳储量中占有重要的地位，而广泛存在于草地生态系统中的丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhizal，简称 AM）真菌在草地生态系统的碳汇中起着重要的作用。本文从 AM真菌功能多样性出发，从以下几个方面阐述 AM 真菌在草地生态系统碳汇中的作用：1）AM 真菌对草地生态系统净初级生产力（NPP）的影响。2）AM 真菌对土壤碳库变化的影响。3）AM 真菌对 CO2浓度升高和大气氮沉降增加的响应。4）草地放牧利用、管理措施等干扰影响 AM 真菌，从而对草地生态系统碳循环产生影响。综合分析了AM 真菌在草地生态系统中的作用机制，旨在为准确全面地评估碳汇现状、测算固碳速率、预估碳储量和应对全球气候变化提供方法和参考依据。%Grassland ecosystems occupy an important position in global carbon storage.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)exist widely in these grasslands and play a significant role in the ecosystem’s ability to act as car-bon sinks.This paper summarizes this role from the perspective of the fungi’s functional diversity.It reviews, 1)the impact of AMF on the net primary productivity of grassland ecosystems,2)their impact on variation in the soil carbon pool,3)the response of AMF to elevated atmospheric CO2 and increased anthropogenic nitrogen deposition,and 4)how grazing management practices could affect AMF and therefore the carbon cycle of grass-land systems.This review is undertaken in order to provide references for evaluating carbon sinks,calculating carbon fixation rates,predicting carbon storage and coping with global climate change.