以一维谐振子势阱中的单粒子为工质的量子热机性能分析

摘要

A heat engine model of a sing particle confined in a one-dimensional harmonic trap is established. The model, as a quantum- mechanical analog of the Carnot engine, does work to outside when both the width of the potential and the quantum state change very slowly. On the assumption that the width of the potential moves at a very slow speed and the heat leakage is included, we derive the general expressions for several performance parameters, such as work, power output, efficiency, etc. We find the optimally operating regions and the optimal values of performance parameters of the heat engine cycle.%建立了以一维谐振子势阱中的单粒子为工质的量子热机模型．当势阱壁宽度和粒子的量子态缓慢改变时，该热机类似于经典卡诺热机对外做功．假设势阱壁移动速度非常缓慢并且考虑热漏，推导出量子热机循环的输出功率和效率等重要性能参数的一般表达式．通过优化分析，获得了热机循环中各主要性能参数的最佳优化值和优化区间．