吸声材料对水下小平台上矢量传感器声学特性的影响研究

摘要

In this paper the influences of viscoelastic absorption of materials on the directivity and DOA estimation of a-coustic vector sensor installed on the carrier are investigated by virtue of theoretical analysis and experimental results. First, the mathematical model, consisting of absorption material and carrier structure, is established, and the acoustic characteristics of the composite materials in the case of sound propagation are analyzed. On that basis, the acoustic characteristics picked up by the vector sensor are studied by finite element method (FEM) coupling boundary element method (BEM) before and after the covering of absorption material. The influences of absorption material on the direc-tivity of vector sensor are studied by theoretical calculation and numerical analysis, and the DOA estimation accuracy of the vector sensor before and after covering by sound absorption material is calculated. Results are proved to be valid by the experiment in the anechoic tank.%本文围绕粘贴黏弹性吸声材料方法对水下小平台上安装矢量传感器的指向性和测向的影响展开理论分析和实验研究。首先建立了吸声材料和平台结构组成的复合层结构的数学模型，对声波经过复合层结构的声学特性进行了分析，在此基础上利用有限元耦合边界元法对粘贴吸声材料前后的水下小平台上的矢量传感器的声学特性进行研究。通过理论计算和数值分析研究了吸声材料对矢量传感器的各通道的指向性的影响，并计算了覆盖吸声材料前后矢量传感器的测向精度。水池实验验证了分析结果的正确性。