Heavy oil is an extremely complex colloidal system. Ten kinds of model compounds were chosen as the components of heavy oil, and dissipative particle dynamics(DPD) method was applied to simulate the colloidal structure of heavy oil in order to research the colloidal structure and the change of the colloidal structure affected by the contents of the heavy oil component. The simulations results showed that heavy oil existed in a colloidal structure, and the colloidal particle was made of components from inside to outside with the polarity being gradually smaller, which was the dispersed phase, while saturates and mononuclear aromatics composed the continuous phase of the heavy oil colloidal system. Resin and polyaromatics played an active role on heavy oil colloidal activation, but alkanes played a negative role. The stable index (SI) could be used to indicate the stability of heavy oil colloidal system.%重油是一个结构复杂的胶体体系,为了研究重油的胶体结构及重油中各组分含量对胶体结构的影响,选用了10种模型化合物代表重油的组分,用耗散粒子动力学模拟了重油胶体结构,并考察了重油中各组分含量的变化对重油胶体结构的影响.结果发现,重油体系以胶体的形式存在,胶粒是由一些从内到外组分极性逐渐变小的组分组成,在胶体体系中作为分散相,而饱和分和单环芳烃为胶体体系的分散介质；重油组分中,胶质和芳香组分对重油胶体的活化起积极的作用,而烷烃组分对重油胶体的活化起消极的作用；可用稳定性指数SI作为重油胶体稳定性的表征.
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