硬孔灵芝和赤芝孢子油的脂肪酸、角鲨烯及麦角甾醇类的比较

摘要

采用超临界CO2流体萃取技术分别从硬孔灵芝(Ganoderma duropora)和赤芝(G.lucidum)孢子粉中萃取分离孢子油,采用气相色谱(GC)法测定孢子油(萃取条件相同)的脂肪酸成分和角鲨烯含量,用气相色谱-质谱联用选择性离子检测(GC-MS/SIM)模式测定麦角甾醇类成分和总含量.结果表明:两种孢子油中脂肪酸成分组成相似,在不同分离条件(分离 I和 II )下获得的样品(分别标记分离 I 和 II 得到的硬孔灵芝样品为A和B,赤芝样品为C和D)均由油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸组成,4种脂肪酸在硬孔灵芝中占检出成分的95.1%~96.3% (质量分数),在赤芝中占97.0%~97.9%(质量分数),其中硬孔灵芝A和B中两种不饱和脂肪酸(油酸和亚油酸)的相对含量分别合计为71.2%和73.1%,略低于赤芝(C 和 D 分别合计为76.8%和77.7%);两种孢子油中均检测出开链三萜——角鲨烯,其在硬孔灵芝孢子油A和 B 中含量分别为0.40 mg/g和0.44 mg/g,在赤芝孢子油C和D中分别为0.41 mg/g和0.43 mg/g;两种孢子油中也均检测出至少4种麦角甾醇类成分,组成相似,其中硬孔灵芝孢子油A和B中含量分别合计为1.9 mg/g和2.9 mg/g,与赤芝孢子油(C和D中分别为2.4 mg/g和2.7 mg/g)中相近.%Spore oils from Ganoderma duropora and G.lucidum were extracted by supercritical fluid CO2 extraction method.For each species,two separation conditions (I and II)were applied,and the resultant spore oil samples (A and B from G.duropora and C and D from G.lucidum)were respectively analyzed for their fatty acid profiles and squalene contents by GC-FID,and ergosterols by GC-MS/SIM.The results showed that the fatty acid profiles of spore oils from these two species were similar.All four spore oil samples contained oleic acid,linoleic acid,stearic acid and palmitic acid,constituting 95.1%~96.3% of mass fraction in spore oil samples A and B,and 97.0%~97.9% of mass fraction in spore oil samples C and D, respectively.The sum of mass fraction of the two unsaturated fatty acids,oleic acid and linoleic acid,were 71.2%,73.1%,76.8% and 77.7% in spore oil samples A,B,C and D,respectively.Squalene was detected in all four spore oils and its concentration in A,B,C and D were 0.40,0.44,0.41 and 0.43 mg/g, respectively.There were at least four ergosterols detected from each spore oil sample and the ergosterol components of these spore oils were similar.Total ergosterols in spore oil A,B,C,and D were 1.9,2.9, 2.4 and 2.7 mg/g,respectively.