河南省近年审定小麦品种基于系谱和SNP标记的遗传多样性分析

摘要

To understand the genetic diversity of wheat varieties in Henan Province at whole genome level, we selected 96 regis-tered wheat varieties in the past decade for SNP genotyping using the Illumina 90k iSelect SNP chip. The results showed that 47.39% of the SNPs (38 661 out of 81 587) were polymorphism between varieties. The genome distribution of polymorphic SNPs showed a tendency of B > A > D. The genetic similarity of the 96 varieties ranged from 0.552 to 0.998 with an average value of 0.719. However, genetic similarity of 0.652 to 0.812 was found for 94.3% of the tested varieties, indicating highly similarity for most of the varieties in Henan province. The 96 wheat varieties could be classified as seven groups by UPGMA analyses. Based on pedigree and SNP analyses, very narrow genetic background was observed for the registered varieties in the past decade in Henan province. It is an urgent task for wheat breeders to explore and introduce diversified germplasm resources into wheat breeding program to increase the yield potential and stress tolerance in the future.%为了解河南省近年小麦品种的遗传基础,利用 Illumina 90k iSelect SNP 标记技术对豫麦34及该省2000—2013年审定的小麦品种共96个进行全基因组扫描,分析了其遗传多样性和遗传基础。结果表明,在所有 SNP 位点中,多态性比率为47.39%(38661/81587),多态性标记在基因组间分布呈现 B>A>D。96个品种亲缘关系较近,两两遗传相似系数的平均值为0.719,变幅为0.552~0.998,且94.3%的品种间遗传相似系数在0.652~0.812之间；按UPGMA 法将96个品种划分为7个类群。综合 SNP 和系谱分析,近10年河南省审定的96个小麦品种遗传多样性不够丰富,多数品种亲缘关系较近,在育种中迫切需要引入新的种质资源,拓宽遗传背景。