长江下游单季稻一次性施肥产量效应及影响因子研究

摘要

A multi-point field plot experiment about one-time fertilization schemes of single-cropping rice combined with different types of slow release nitrogen and conventional urea was conducted in Zhejiang Province, and multi-point demonstration experiment of the similar commercial products of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was conducted in Zhejiang and Anhui Province. The results showed that with the support of the appropriate slow-release fertilizer, one-time fertilization in the lower reaches of Yangtze River could achieve the same or higher yield compared with the con-ventional urea application. The yield of the treatment with a ratio of 60:40 for resin-coated urea and conventional u-rea received the highest average yield (8287. 6 kg·hm-2), which was higher than that of conventional urea applica-tion (8151. 4 kg·hm-2). The results of the multi-point demonstration experiment verified the results of the multi-point field plot experiment. Resin-coated urea treatment had a significant effect of increasing yield, with the average yield of 9356. 0 kg·hm-2 , which was increased by 9. 78% as compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. Soil type affected the effect of one-time fertilization treatment. The resin-coated urea had obvious effect in most soil types, while the effect of stability fertility on different soil types was varied. The effect of one-time fertilization on the heavily clay soil was better than that on the light soil. There was significant difference in the effect of one-time fertili-zation on different rice varieties supported by different slow-release fertilizers.%对由不同缓释氮肥与速效氮肥组合成的单季稻一次性施肥方案进行多点田间小区试验,并选择类似商品缓控释肥在浙江、安徽等省进行多点大区对比.多点小区试验结果表明:在合适的缓释氮肥支持下,长江下游单季稻一次性施肥大部分试验点可达到与尿素常规分次施用处理持平或略增的产量.4种一次性施肥处理中,树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素60%:40%配比处理的平均产量最高(8287.6 kg·hm-2),与常规分次施用处理的产量(8151.4 kg·hm-2)相比略有增加.多点大区对比试验结果验证了多点小区试验的结果,树脂包膜尿素有明显的增产作用,平均产量9356.0 kg·hm-2,比常规分次施肥平均增产9.78%.土壤类型影响一次性施肥的效果,树脂包膜尿素在大部分土壤中有明显的增产作用,稳定性肥在各种土壤上的差异较为明显,在较黏重的土壤上一次性施肥的效果好于较轻质土壤.不同缓释氮肥品种支持的一次性施肥效果在不同水稻品种类型间亦有明显差异.