Characteristics of the differentiation and retrogression of branch and spikelet in 6 indica hybrid rice restoring lines and their 24 F1 were studied and the results were as follows: There were significant (at 0.01 level or 0.05 level) correlations between the total surviving spikelets per panicle and the indexes of differentiated branches and the spikelets of hybrid rice restoring lines and their F1 , in which the differentiated primary branches were especially important for the formation of big panicles.The differentiation and formation of branch and spikelet of F1 were highly affected by restoring lines, the restoring lines with high general combining ability (GCA) of yield per plant and their F1 were all bearing latent ability for big panicle, in which the correlation index between yield per plant and generally combining ability of hybrid rice restoring lines were 0.913 1.Also the breeding and cultivation problems about hybrid rice restoring lines and their F1 were discussed from the point of the development of branch and spikelet in rice panicle.%对6个籼型杂交水稻恢复系及其所配24个F1稻穗枝梗和颖花分化与退化特性进行了研究,结果表明:恢复系及其F1单穗颖花形成数与枝梗和颖花分化之间呈显著或极显著正相关,其中一次枝梗分化对大穗分化与形成尤为重要;F1稻穗枝梗和颖花分化、形成受恢复系影响大,单株产量一般配合力高的恢复系及其F1均具有大穗潜力,其中恢复系单株产鼍与其恢复系GCA相关系数为0.913 1.并从稻穗发育角度讨论了杂交水稻恢复系及F1的育种与栽培问题.
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