金针菇工厂化栽培过程中游离氨基酸变化情况的初步研究

摘要

为了探索金针菇栽培过程中氮素营养成分的变化规律，对金针菇整个栽培周期基质-菌丝体混合物中游离氨基酸含量和子实体中游离氨基酸含量的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明：基质-菌丝体混合物中总游离氨基酸含量在发菌期显著上升，至出原基期达到最高为初始状态的12.95倍，搔菌前含量最丰富的氨基酸为精氨酸，达到最高值2279.57μg/g（占比15.57％），搔菌后，精氨酸快速积累趋势改变，而谷氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬酰胺等氨基酸继续积累，至原基形成时，含量最高的氨基酸分别是精氨酸2213.39μg/g（占比10.41％）和谷氨酸2147.53μg/g（占比10.10％），出原基到子实体成熟过程中基质菌丝体中几乎所有游离氨基酸含量都逐渐减少。在子实体中谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、丙氨酸是含量最高的氨基酸。由此推测在金针菇子实体形成过程中，菌丝可以转运与利用精氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸等多种氨基酸，多种游离氨基酸的运输为金针菇子实体的快速发育提供了物质保障。%In order to explore the component variation of nitrogen nutrition during F.velutipes cultivation, the free amino acid contents of both substrate-mycelium mixture and fruiting bodies were investigated in the whole culturing period.The results showed that the total free amino acid content of the mixture significantly increased at the spawn running stage and reached the highest at the primordial stage,being 1 2.95 times as much as the initial quantity;Before scratching,arginine was the most abundant in the amino acids of the mixture and reached the highest value of 2 279.57 μg/g (1 5.57%);while after scratching,the trend of accumulating arginine was changed,some other amino acids such as glutamic acid,alanine and aspartic acid still accumulated, and at the primordium initiation stage the highest contents of amino acids were respectively arginine 2 21 3.39 μg/g (1 0.41%)and glutamic acid 2 1 47.53 μg/g (1 0.1 0%).From the primordium initiation to the fruiting body maturation the contents of almost all amino acids gradually decreased.Glutamic acid,glutamine and alanine were the most abundant in the amino acids of the fruiting body.From the above results it was concluded that in the formation of F.velutipes fruiting bodies,the mycelia could transport and utilize a variety of amino acids such as arginine,glutamic acid and alanine,and transporting various free amino acids provided a material basis for rapid development of F.velutipes fruiting bodies.