辣椒种间杂交花粉母细胞减数分裂行为研究

摘要

The research on the meiosis behavior of pollen mother cells in pepper interspecific hybrids can help breeders to un-derstand the microcosmic developmental behavior of pepper and to grasp the definite reasons for pepper interspecific hybrid sterility. In this experiment, the improved chromosome microslide-preparing method was used to observe 486 pepper pollen mother cells from prophaseⅠto quartet stage.It was found that the cytokinesis of pepper pollen mother cells in meiosis behavior was of simultaneous type, and the chromosomes had multiple abnormal behaviors.Chromosome hysteresis occurred in 23.8%of metaphase-Ⅱ cells.In addition, a small quantity of chromosomal abnormal behaviors existed in the cells at prophaseⅠ, metaphaseⅠ, and anaphaseⅠ. The probability of producing micronuclei in the cells at anaphaseⅡwas 7.0%.This result can better explain why pepper interspecif-ic hybrid had low pollen fertility and low seed-setting rate, and can provide a theoretical basis for the further creation of new pepper germplasms.%研究辣椒种间杂交花粉母细胞减数分裂行为，有助于育种工作者了解辣椒的微观发育行为并掌握辣椒种间杂交不育的具体原因。通过改良的染色体制片方法共观察了从前期I至四分孢子时期的486个花粉母细胞，发现辣椒花粉母细胞减数分裂行为中细胞质分裂类型为同时型，且染色体有多种异常行为。中期Ⅱ的细胞中有23．8％出现染色体滞后现象，另外，在前期Ⅰ、中期Ⅰ、后期Ⅰ中也存在少量的染色体异常行为。末期Ⅱ中产生微核的概率为7．0％。这一结果可以较好地解释辣椒种间杂交花粉育性和结实率低的现象，为进一步创制新的种质提供一定的理论依据。