This paper reviewed the research progress of cotton breeding for more than 60 years in China,including breeding method,artificial variation technology,distant hybridization technology,resistance to both verticillium and fusarium wilts and to bollworm,hybrid seed production techniques,and heterosis utilization technology,cotton plant characters,etc.The conventional breeding,especially pedigree breeding,is still the most important and basic breeding technology,selecting variation in the field is the soul of plant breeding,which is a seemingly simple but the most difficult to master core technology for breeding workers! Breeding is to overcome thousands of difficulties,and to break the negative correlation between early maturity,high yield,high quality and multi-resistance characters,etc,and to find a new advantage-pyramiding variety which is rarely appeared in the field.%综述了新中国成立至今60余年棉花育种研究的进展历程,包括育种方法、人工变异技术、远缘杂交技术、抗枯黄萎病及抗棉铃虫技术、杂交制种技术以及杂交优势利用技术、棉花植株性状等研究,认为常规育种,尤其是系统育种是最重要和最基本的育种技术,其中田间“选择变异”的功夫,是植物育种的灵魂,是育种工作者看似简单但却最难掌握的核心技术!育种就是克服千难,历尽万辛,打破早熟、高产、优质、多抗等性状之间的负相关,实现在田间选择出集各有利性状于一体的新品种的小概率事件!
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