地效翼地面粘性效应风洞试验研究

摘要

A study on ground effect mechanism and aerodynamic characteristics of wing in ground effect was carried out in Aerodynamics/Aero-acoustic Wind Tunnel of Shanghai Automo-tive Wind Tunnel Center of Tongji University.Based on aerodynamics characteristics of the wing and the test ability of the wind tunnel,a wind tunnel test was firstly designed.Then an experi-mental study on ground viscous effect and aerodynamics was carried out by using moving belt system and six-component balance measurement system.It is shown that flow in boundary layer near the fixed ground is related not only to the distance between wing and ground,but also to the attack angle of this ground effect wing.The lift and the drag of the wing are lower while the stall angle is higher than that over a moving ground.Mechanism of ground effect was thoroughly in-vestigated,importance of moving ground simulation was discussed,and the aerodynamics of wing in ground effect was comprehensively analyzed through the experimental studies,which provide important reference for aerodynamic design and research of WIG craft.%为深入研究地面效应机理及地效翼空气动力特性，在同济大学上海地面交通工具风洞中心的空气动力-气动声学风洞内对地效翼模型进行了风洞试验。首先，根据地效翼空气动力特性及风洞试验能力，对风洞试验进行了设计；其次，在风洞试验中利用移动路面模拟系统和六分力天平测量系统，研究了地面粘性效应对地效翼空气动力的影响和地效翼空气动力特性。研究结果表明：固定地面附近边界层流动不仅与地效翼的高度有关，还与迎角有关；与移动地面相比，固定地面下测得的升力和阻力偏低，且由于固定地面边界层受气垫效应影响，失速延后。通过地效翼风洞试验研究揭示了移动路面模拟的重要性，并深入分析了地效翼空气动力特性，为地效飞行器空气动力设计和研究提供了参考。