农村土地“三权分置”制度的实施难题与破解路径∗

摘要

The main purpose of the rural land "Three Rights Separation" system reform and the biggest characteristic is on the premise of collective land ownership and stable land contracts authority, to make out the right to operate independently free from the contract and management rights, to realize the scale management of agriculture. However, independent out the agricultural land man-agement right from the contract right related to some of the problems, such as rights relations involving right of contract and manage-ment, whether the land management rights can be secured, the influence of land transfer mode on mortgage, a series of policies, legal and practical operation problems, which may arise in the practice of land mortgage risk. The effective measures must be taken to solve these difficult problems, so that the progress of the "Three Rights Separation" reformation can be promoted in a smooth way.%农村土地“三权分置”制度改革的主要目的和最大特色就是在坚持土地集体所有的前提下，稳定承包权，把经营权从承包经营权中独立出来使之放活，实现农业的规模经营。然而，放活农地经营权，涉及承包权与经营权的权利关系、土地经营权是否可以抵押、土地流转方式对抵押的影响、实践中可能产生的抵押风险等一系列政策、法律和实践操作难题，只有采取有力措施破解这些难题，才能推进“三权分置”制度改革的顺利进行。