线粒体功能在卵母细胞成熟中的作用综述

摘要

线粒体为真核细胞的重要细胞器之一,作为细胞的“能量工厂”合成三磷酸腺苷,参与细胞生长、分化、增殖、凋亡、信号传导等细胞活动.在人体中,卵母细胞中线粒体数量最多,为卵母细胞成熟、受精及早期胚胎正常发育提供所需的能量.线粒体功能受损会导致卵母细胞老化、妊娠失败或人类辅助生殖成功率下降.本文将线粒体分布、线粒体膜电位、线粒体DNA拷贝或突变对卵母细胞成熟的影响进行综述.%As one of the important organelles in cells,mitochondria is referred as "energy factory" and it generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP),which is involved in cell growth,differentiation,proliferation,apoptosis,signal transduction,cell activity,etc.In human body,mitochondria can be found most abundant in oocyte,and it provides energies for the maturation of human oocyte,fertilization and development of early embryo.While,if the mitochondrial function is impaired,it will lead to aging of oocyte,pregnancy failure and decrease of human assisted reproductive success rate.The distribution and ultrastructure of mitochondria,mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA mutations or copy are summarized in this article,which has great significance in improving the assisted reproductive success in older women.