Calcium is an important second messenger that binds to a variety of proteins,regulating protein's localization,activity,and function.Calcium channels in cell membrane and organelles strictly control cytoplasm'and organelles' calcium ion concentration,in order to ensure the normal transmission of intracellular signals.In the oocyte maturation and fertilization process,calcium ions control the maturation process of oocytes,maintain the fertilization process and start embryonic development.Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is an important treatment for infertility patients in clinical practice,but its low success rate is the main factor that IVM cannot be widely used.Calcium antagonists can inhibit the early maturation of the nucleus,making the nucleus and cytoplasm to mature at the same time,which becomes the research hotspot now.This paper introduces the calcium channel,the balance of calcium ion,the mechanism of calcium in the regulation of meiosis and the role of calcium in IVM.%Ca2是重要的第二信使,与多种蛋白结合,调节蛋白质的定位、活性及功能.细胞膜及细胞器上的钙通道严格控制细胞质和细胞器的Ca2+浓度,以保证细胞内信号的正常传导.在卵母细胞成熟和受精的过程中,Ca2+控制卵母细胞的成熟过程,维持受精并启动胚胎发育.卵母细胞体外成熟技术(IVM)是目前临床上不孕不育的重要治疗手段,但它的低成功率一直是IVM不能广泛应用的主要因素.Ca2+拮抗剂能抑制细胞核的提前成熟,使得细胞核与细胞质成熟同步,成为现在IVM的研究热点.本文主要介绍Ca2+的通道,如何介导Ca2+的平衡,Ca2+调控卵母细胞减数分裂的机制和IVM中Ca2的作用.
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