回归休谟的道德认识论：应对启蒙理性导致道德困境的可能性研究

摘要

就启蒙运动的进步意义而言，启蒙理性在知性领域给予人以真理和自由，在道德领域启蒙理性把道德判断的主体还原为人自身，即有理性的存在者为自身颁布道德律令。然而由于启蒙运动自身存在着固有的逻辑悖论，启蒙运动特别是启蒙理性不正确地对待情感导致了现代社会诸多的道德困境。休谟的道德哲学不但证伪了宗教神学的道德基础“上帝存在”的观念，而且还诘难了理性主义道德认识论，因此，回归休谟的情感主义道德认识论为应对启蒙理性导致的道德困境提供了一种可能性。%As for the positive aspect of the Enlightenment,enlightenment rationality gave people truth and freedom in the intel-lectual field.In the field of morality,the subject of moral judgment was returned to man himself,that is,the rational human be-ing promulgate the moral law for himself.However,due to its inherent logic paradox,the Enlightenment,especially the incorrect treatment of emotion from enlightenment reason has caused many moral dilemmas in modern society.Hume's moral philosophy not only falsifies the God existence -based moral concept of the religious theology,but also criticizes the rationalism epistemolo-gy of morality.Therefore,return to Hume's emotionalism moral epistemology may provide a way out of the moral dilemmas caused by the enlightenment rationality.