从清华简《系年》看“千亩之战”及相关问题

摘要

千亩之战是西周末年姜氏之戎在千亩打败周王军队的一场战役，后世视其为西周政治史上的重大事件，认为这是宣王执政由中兴到衰落的转戾点。由于相关典籍关于千亩之战的记载多有歧异，研究者又站在不同视角加以阐发，故而学者历来就千亩之战的次数、时间、战场以及胜负等问题聚讼不已，从而形成周史上著名的学术公案。从清华简等新出资料来看，“千亩之战”应该只有一次，发生在周宣王三十九年，即公元前789年，战场在王畿附近。战争过程中一些诸侯虽有可圈可点之处，但战争结局仍以“王师败绩”而告终。相关认识歧异乃诸种典籍不同编纂原则———宣扬神道、诸侯有功和编年史体例所致。%”The battle of Qianmu” is a battle in the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty,which occurred at Qianmu where Jiangshi Zhirong defeated the army of King Zhou. It is regarded as a major event in the political history of the Western Zhou Dynasty,marking a decline of King Xuan’s power. Records about the campaign in related archives contain many differences,and scholars study it from different views,so there are lot of debates on the field,times,period and result of the war,thereby it comes to be an academic case. The Tsinghua’s bamboo slips show that the battle happened for once in 789 B. C.(the 39 year of Emperor Xuan of the Zhou Dynasty)and the army of King was defeated finally.