The role of difficulties in emotion regulation in the relationship between experiences of trauma and later dissociation.

摘要

Dissociation is generally understood to serve a protective function in the face of overwhelming stress, thus acting as an emotion regulation strategy. While dissociation may be an important survival mechanism during a traumatic experience, long-term dissociative reactions after trauma are generally maladaptive. If difficulties with emotion regulation are an important factor in pathological dissociative symptoms, improving emotion regulation skills may be an effective intervention strategy. Empirical research supporting the connection between trauma, difficulties with emotion regulation, and dissociative symptoms however, is lacking. The current study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by examining the extent and nature of the relationship between traumatic experiences, difficulties with emotion regulation, and later dissociative symptoms in 290 students at a large urban university. Both peritraumatic distress and peritraumatic dissociation were significant predictors of later dissociative symptoms on their own and peritraumatic dissociation explained variance in dissociative symptoms over that explained by peritraumatic distress when examined together. Difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between peritraumatic distress and later dissociative symptoms and partially mediated the relationship between peritraumatic dissociation and later dissociative symptoms. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for future research and clinical practice.