文摘
英文文摘
Introduction
1 Studies on Constructivism
1.1 Definitions of Constructivism
1.2 Philosophical Background
1.3 Psychological Origins of Constructivism
1.3.1 The cognitive psychology of Jean Piaget
1.3.2 The sociohistorical development psychology of Lev Vygotsky
1.4 Classification of Constructivism
1.4.1 Radical constructivism
1.4.2 Social constructivism
1.5 Previous Studies on Constructivism
2 Literature Review of Autonomous Learning and Cooperative Learning
2.1 Autonomous Learning
2.1.1 Concepts of autonomous learning
2.1.2 Characteristics of autonomous learning
2.1.3 Approaches to encourage autonomy
2.2 Cooperative Learning
2.2.1 History of cooperative learning
2.2.2 Definitions
2.2.3 Methods of cooperative learning
3 Autonomous-Cooperative Teaching and Learning
3.1 Inspiration from the Guidance of Constructivism and the History of Language Learning
3.1.1 Inspiration from the guidance of constructivism
3.1.2 Inspiration from the history of language learning
3.2 Definitions of Autonomous -Cooperative Teaching and Learning
3.3 Teachers' and Learners' Roles in Autonomous-Cooperative Teaching and Learning
4 A Constructivist Mode for Autonomous-Cooperative Teaching and Learning
4.1 Pre-Class Stage
4.2 While-Class Stage
4.2.1 Explanation
4.2.2 Discussion and performance
4.2.3 Evaluation
4.2.4 Practice
4.3 Post-Class Stage
4.4 Implementation
4.4.1 Purpose of the study
4.4.2 Methodology
4.4.3 Procedures
4.4.4 Results and analysis
Conclusion
Bibliography
Acknowledgements
