Verbs of Movement in the Selkup Language

摘要

In the Selkup dialects the lexical-semantic group of movement verbs is represented by a large amount of the verbs describing various ways of movement, its nature, general orientation against the speaker, environment in which this movement occurs, and some other additional components. Most Selkup verbs of movement (60%) are monosemantic, i.e. about 60% of meanings does not repeat, they are peculiar to one verb of movement. In the Selkup lexico-semantic group of verbs of movement the synonymic relations are poorly developed in comparison with Russian in spite of the fact that among the Selkup verbs of movement the synonymy is more developed than in other lexico-semantic groups of the studied language. Selkup verbs of movement can be divided into two groups: verbs of undirected movement and verbs of directed movement. The group of verbs of directed movement includes two subgroups: verbs with absolute orientation (verbs of vector movement in horizontal direction, verbs of vector movement in vertical direction) and verbs with relative orientation (verbs denoting orientation of the movement to an object, verbs denoting orientation of the movement from an object). The verb q?nqo is the central element of the lexico-semantic group of verbs of movement in the Taz dialect of the Selkup language. The semantics of this verb does not include the description of conditions in which the movement occurs, its direction, way and mode; however, some meanings of this verb are oriented in space. The verbs ?ā?gu and kwangu are the central elements of the lexico-semantic group of verbs of movement in the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language. Description of the general direction of the movement (approach or removal) and orientation in space is the most essential feature of the Selkup verbs of movement. There are several specifics of the lexico-semantic group of verbs of movement in the Selkup dialects: existence of the space-oriented verbs; verbs denoting movements in space