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In-Flame Soot Sampling and Morphology Analysis in an Optical Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection (SIDI) Engine

机译:光学火花点火直喷(SIDI)发动机中的火焰烟灰采样和形态分析

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Stringent particulate emission regulations are applied to spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) engines, calling for a significant in-cylinder reduction of soot particles. To enhance fundamental knowledge of the soot formation and oxidation process inside the cylinder of the engine, a new in-flame particle sampling system has been developed and implemented in a working optical SIDI engine with a side-mounted, wall-guided injection system. Using the sampling probes installed on the piston top, the soot particles are directly sampled from the petrol flame for detailed analysis of particle size distribution, structure, and shape. At the probe tip, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) grid is stored for the soot collection via thermophoresis, which is imaged and post-processed for statistical analysis. Simultaneously, the flame development was recorded using two high-speed cameras to evidence the direct exposure of the sampling grids to the soot-laden diffusion flames and pool fires. The focus of the present study is the uncertainty analysis of this newly developed technique through variation of the number of injection cycles, cyclic variations, and sampling locations at fixed fuel injection and firing conditions. From the engine runs of three, five, and seven injection cycles, it was found that the number of sampled soot aggregates increases with increasing injection cycles but the soot morphology does not change significantly. However, the cyclic variations make a significant impact such that the size of soot aggregates increases with higher peak in-cylinder pressure and earlier combustion phasing, which was observed from six different engine runs at fixed five injection cycle tests. The sampling experiment was also performed with the probes installed at four different locations across the piston top, which showed significant variations in morphology such that soot primary particles and aggregates become larger due to longer soot residence time within the wall wetting-induced pool fire.
机译:严格微粒排放法规被应用于火花点火直喷式(SIDI)发动机,要求一个显著缸内减少烟尘颗粒。为了提高发动机的气缸内的烟灰的形成和氧化工艺的基本知识,进行新的火焰颗粒物采样系统已被开发,并在工作光SIDI发动机与实现侧面安装,壁面引导喷射系统。使用安装在活塞顶部上的采样探针,烟灰颗粒直接从粒度分布,结构,和形状的详细分析的汽油火焰采样。在探针针尖,透射型电子显微镜(TEM)栅格被存储用于通过热泳烟灰收集,其被成像和处理后进行统计分析。同时,火焰发展是使用两个高速摄像机以证明采样网格来烟灰载货扩散火焰和池火灾的直接暴露记录。本研究的焦点是通过注射周期,周期性变化,并在固定的燃料喷射采样位置和击发条件的数量的变化这种新开发技术的不确定性分析。从三,五,七注射周期的引擎运行时,它发现的采样烟尘集合体增加随着注入的周期数,但烟尘形态不显著改变。然而,周期性变化作出显著影响,使得烟灰的尺寸聚集体具有更高的峰值缸内压力和更早的燃烧相位,将其从六个不同的发动机运转观察到固定的5个喷射循环试验增加。也与安装在横跨活塞顶部的四个不同位置处的探针,这表明在形态显著变化,使得烟灰初级颗粒和聚集体由于壁润湿诱导池火灾内更长的烟灰的停留时间变得更大进行采样实验。

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