There is a plethora of factors that influence listening comprehension such as speaking speed, accent, or topic knowledge. One aspect that has not been examined fully is repetition type. When investigated, the effects of repetition in testing listening comprehension have been mixed for several reasons. The primary reason is that repetition has been defined and operationalized too vaguely. Some researchers have defined it as just repeating the stimuli. Another reason is that repetition has also not been the primary focus of a study; rather it has been one of the several research questions investigated.
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