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Using EM equipment to verify the presence of seepage losses in irrigation canals

机译:使用EM设备验证灌溉运河中的渗流损失

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Climate models predict a general future increase in air temperatures and, therefore, an augmentation of water requirements for agricultural purposes. However, without an appropriate management of the water resource, the competition between agriculture and other sectors risk to worsen the water scarcity crisis. Reducing the losses from irrigation canals will surely improve the efficiency of the irrigation systems, but lining the irrigation channels is an extremely expensive procedure sustainable only in the presence of high losses. Moreover, the two most known methods for determining losses from irrigation canals (inflow-outflow and ponding test) are quite expensive and time-consuming. In this context, the EM (Electromagnetic Induction) system has been used for decades for mapping soil properties: it is a fast and user friendly technique, easy for field applications and not excessively expensive. In this study we verified the usefulness of the EM system to determine the presence of leakage of irrigation canals. To this aim we selected three canals in the Piedmont plain (northwest of Italy) representatives of the most common regional typologies. Electrical conductivity values, collected using an EM device, were combined with data measured with traditional techniques such as inflow-outflow measurements (acoustic Doppler profiler and propeller flow meter), and soil water content measurements (TDR - Time Domain Reflectometer). EM electrical conductivity measurements were performed at different discharges values in permanent flow, hence, at different water level heights. The two replications were necessaries to investigate the variation of electrical conductivity versus the water level height. Results show that EM allows detecting seepage losses. Namely, these lasts cause a lowering of the soil electrical conductivit y values in steady conditions of soil water content.
机译:气候模型预测空气温度的一般未来增加,因此,增加了农业用途的水需求。但是,如果没有适当的水资源管理,农业和其他部门之间的竞争会使水资源稀缺危机恶化。减少灌溉运河的损失肯定会提高灌溉系统的效率,但灌溉渠道的衬里是一个极其昂贵的程序,只有在高损失存在下可持续。此外,最着名的用于确定灌溉运河(流出流出和探测试验)的损耗的方法非常昂贵且耗时。在这种情况下,EM(电磁感应)系统已用于数十年来映射土壤特性:它是一种快速和用户友好的技术,容易进行现场应用,而不是过于昂贵。在这项研究中,我们验证了EM系统的有用性,以确定灌溉运河泄漏的存在性。为此目的,我们在皮埃蒙特平原(意大利西北地区)的代表选择了三艘运河,该公司最常见的区域类型。使用EM器件收集的电导率值与传统技术(如流入流出测量)(声学多普勒分析仪和螺旋桨流量计)和土壤含水量测量(TDR - 时域反射仪)相结合。在不同的排出值下在永久流动的不同放电值下进行EM电导率测量,因此在不同的水位高度。两种复制是需要研究导电性与水位高度的变化。结果表明,EM允许检测渗漏损耗。即,这些持续性导致土壤含水量稳定条件下的土壤电导率Y值降低。

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