Introduction: This study investigate the causes and effects of a chronic and severe deficit of nutrition observed by operators of Caritas (2002-2012). Bolivian population count 10.290.003 habitants, mostly quechua aymara (56%) and the other (38%) without definite origin. 60% of people live in poverty with child malnutrition (46%), use of drugs cocaine-marihuana (1.4-5.2% among students) and alcohol (41%); these last interfere with the absorption of nutrients. The country has woods (38%), grazing land (52%) with a productive area of 6.5 million hectares of earth but 54% isn't cultivated and 33% of population haven't access to health clinics.Methods: Resorting to the Data of National Investigation of Demography and Health, and Surveillance Epidemiological and Nutritional System we intend to verify the percentages of underfed children (33%) and women (27%). The anemia is the principle cause of morbidity and these data are one of higher than Andean countries. Natural foods like vegetables or meats are rich of vitamins and iron but they aren't common in their base alimentation with high consumption of carbohydrates and low supply of proteins (14.4% calories by animal origin with a food deficit of more than 400 calories per day).Results: Malnutrition is correlated with sideropenic anemia for iron and vitamins deficiency, in fact more of half children with anemia 70% under 5 years age require "flour of supplementation". While 50% of pregnancy women have a sideropenic anemia or megaloblastic anemia by folate deficiency. These phenomena induce 55% miscarriage, 12% low birth weight for delay of intrauterine growth and premature birth or neuronal tube defects. The rate of mortality is 75/1,000 live births and 105 under 5 years age. So the 80% of children under 2 years of age have deficiency anemia, although the breastfeeding is prolonged. Children with endocrinological and autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes or thyroid diseases, may have an increased risk of developing a pernicious anemia caused by lack of vitamin-B 12 in their daily diet.Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests the need to integrate food flour with iron, folate and vitamins-B not only of the underfed children but also fertile women. This Project wants to prevent, at an early age, anemias by nutritional deficiency affect cerebral palsy with physical and mental disabilities specifically in preterm. Other symptoms are irritability, mental confusion, instability in the movements and numbness or tingling in the hands and feet in child. It is also found that in the case of severe sideropenic anemia for a deficiency of vitamin-C, children must be supplemented with iron and multivitamins tablets to reduce the risk of mortality by frequent respiratory infections; in addition to treat the fatigue, muscle weakness, restless leg syndrome, poor attention, concentration, disorders of learning and behaviour.
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