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Development of Nano-Micro-Macro-Structured Porous Nickel Electrodes for use in Supercapacitors

机译:用于超级电容器的纳米微宏结构多孔镍电极的研制

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The extremely high surface areas required for supercapacitors has limited the use of metal based electrodes, despite the other advantages such electrodes might have. Self-assembling surfactants and block co-polymers can be used as templates to produce nanostructured thin films that readily give 60-140 fold increases in surface area on both planar and three-dimensional substrates. However, even when relatively high surface area porous metal substrates such as nickel foam are used as a starting point, the resultant material still has surface area density well short of that available in other types of materials. Micro-emulsions offer a method of generating microstructure that bridges the gap between the 100 micron scale structures of foamed metals and the 10-50nm scale structure of self-assembling block co-polymers. Electrodeposition of nickel and cobalt from micro-emulsions of Tween surfactants gives rise to structure on the 0.1-10 micron length scale. The scale of the microstructure is strongly influenced by the metal ion concentration and the electrodeposition potential. The nature of the metal ion also strongly effects the ease with which the microstructure can be generated and the distribution of the microstructured film on foamed nickel electrodes. For microstructured nickel films ten fold surface area increases can be achieved. The microstructured films are expected to be compatible with a number of the nanostructuring methods to yield cumulative surface area increases of 1000-2000 fold.
机译:超级电容器所需的极高表面区域限制了金属基电极的使用,尽管这种电极可能具有其他优点。自组装表面活性剂和嵌段共聚物可以用作模板以产生纳米结构的薄膜,其容易得到60-140倍的平面和三维基板上的表面积增加。然而,即使当使用诸如镍泡沫的相对高的表面区域多孔金属基材作为起点时,所得材料仍然具有表面积密度,其具有其他类型的材料可用的表面积密度。微乳液提供一种产生微观结构的方法,该微观结构桥接泡沫金属的100微米刻度结构与自组装块共聚物的10-50nm规模结构之间的间隙。从补间表面活性剂的微乳液中镍和钴的电沉积导致0.1-10微米长度的结构。微观结构的规模受金属离子浓度和电沉积电位的强烈影响。金属离子的性质也强烈地影响了可以产生微观结构和微结构薄膜在发泡镍电极上的易于分布的容易性的易感。对于微结构化镍薄膜,可以实现十倍的表面积增加。期望微结构化薄膜与许多纳米结构方法相容,以产生1000-2000倍的累积表面积增加。

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