Resistance to Erwinia carotovora introduced to Solanum tuberosum from wild species

摘要

Resistance of potato tubers to soft rot, caused by the bacterium Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica(Eca), was introduced to tetraploid potatoes from diploid hybrids of Solarium tuberosum, S. chacoense, S.yungasense and S. phureja. Potato blackleg and soft rot are caused by bacteria: E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, van Hall, 1902(Dye 1969), E. carotovora subsp. Carotovora, Jones, 1901 (Bergey et al. 1923) and E. chrysanthemi(Burkholder et al. 1953); synonyms are respectively: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum,P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and P. chrysanthemi (Hauben et al. 1998). Distribution of differentErwinia species depends on the temperature, but in general in temperate climate Erwinia carotovora iscommon and the global losses due to Erwinia spp. were estimated to 50 to 100 million USD(Perombelon and Kelman 1980). Chemical control is not applied in practice and control of this disease ismainly based on prevention: planting of healthy seeds and avoiding the risks of damage and wetting oftubers during harvest as well as preventing anaerobic conditions in storage and transport (Perombelon2000). As another possibility to control soft rot of potatoes by a biological method we tested the level ofresistance to Erwinia species in a tetraploid potato cultivar, because its resistance is relatively low(Krauze et al. 1982) and breeding of resistant cultivars would be a good solution to minimise the lossescaused by these bacteria.