Features of Academic Careers of Female Physicists in Russia

摘要

It is widely known that women in Russia attain a high level of education. However, loss of female STEM employees occurs at each step on the career ladder [1]. During 2005-2015, the percentage of women among university teachers grew steadily (from 53% to 57%). The percentage of women is quite high (70%) in lower-level positions, illustrating the "sticky floor effect," which occurs in part due to the reluctance of men to take jobs offering a small salary. One-third of all professors in university departments are women. Only 16% of Russian universities had a female rector. Women's careers are limited not only by the "glass ceiling" but also by "maternal walls"--women in Russia spend far more time on household work than men. Analysis of the gender situation at a number of Russian universities and research organizations shows that women manage their teaching and research activities quite effectively in all areas of modern physics. The results of their work are highly regarded at both national and international levels.